Professor Andrew Jackson of the University of Newcastle told Insider in April 2021 that researchers first pioneered this kind of tech in 2002 - but arguably its origins go all the way back to the 1960s.
Implanting primates with neural-brain interfaces that let them control objects on screens has been done before. The monkey is probably moving a cursor to move a little ball to try to match a target,"said Professor Andrew Hires, an assistant professor of neurobiology at the University of California, said. Neuroscientists speaking to Insider in 2019 said that while the claim might grab the attention of readers, they did not find it surprising or even particularly impressive. Musk reiterated the claim in February 2021, two months ahead of the video demonstration. "I didn't realize we were running that result today, but there it goes," said Hodak. "A monkey has been able to control a computer with its brain, just FYI," he said, which appeared to take Neuralink president Max Hodak by surprise. Vachira Vachira/NurPhoto via Getty Images/Pool/Getty ImagesĮlon Musk excitedly announced in a 2019 presentation that Neuralink had successfully implanted its chip into a monkey. "Even if the technology doesn't do anything more than we're able to do at the moment - in terms of number of channels or whatever - just from a welfare aspect for the animals, I think if you can do experiments with something that doesn't involve wires coming through the skin, that's going to improve the welfare of animals," he said. Jackson told Insider following the 2020 presentation that the wireless relay from the Neuralink chip could potentially have a big impact on the welfare of animal test subjects in science, as most neural interfaces currently in use on test animals involve wires poking out through the skin. "This is solid engineering, but mediocre neuroscience," he said. "In terms of their technology, 1,024 channels is not that impressive these days, but the electronics to relay them wirelessly is state-of-the-art, and the robotic implantation is nice," Andrew Jackson, an expert in neural interfaces at Newcastle University, said. Musk said the pig had been living with the chip embedded in her skull for two months. The demonstration was proof of concept and showed how the chip was able to accurately predict the positioning of Gertrude's limbs when she was walking on a treadmill, as well as recording neural activity when the pig snuffled about for food. The Neuralink device in Gertrude's brain transmitted live data during the demo as she snuffled around. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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